podman-build/cmd/podman/containers/ps.go
2025-10-11 12:30:35 +09:00

573 lines
16 KiB
Go

package containers
import (
"cmp"
"errors"
"fmt"
"os"
"slices"
"strconv"
"strings"
"time"
"github.com/containers/common/libnetwork/types"
"github.com/containers/common/pkg/completion"
"github.com/containers/common/pkg/report"
"github.com/containers/podman/v5/cmd/podman/common"
"github.com/containers/podman/v5/cmd/podman/registry"
"github.com/containers/podman/v5/cmd/podman/utils"
"github.com/containers/podman/v5/cmd/podman/validate"
"github.com/containers/podman/v5/pkg/domain/entities"
"github.com/docker/go-units"
"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
"github.com/spf13/cobra"
)
var (
psDescription = "Prints out information about the containers"
psCommand = &cobra.Command{
Use: "ps [options]",
Short: "List containers",
Long: psDescription,
RunE: ps,
Args: validate.NoArgs,
ValidArgsFunction: completion.AutocompleteNone,
Example: `podman ps -a
podman ps -a --format "{{.ID}} {{.Image}} {{.Labels}} {{.Mounts}}"
podman ps --size --sort names`,
}
psContainerCommand = &cobra.Command{
Use: psCommand.Use,
Short: psCommand.Short,
Long: psCommand.Long,
RunE: psCommand.RunE,
Args: psCommand.Args,
ValidArgsFunction: psCommand.ValidArgsFunction,
Example: strings.ReplaceAll(psCommand.Example, "podman ps", "podman container ps"),
}
)
var (
listOpts = entities.ContainerListOptions{
Filters: make(map[string][]string),
}
filters []string
noTrunc bool
)
func init() {
registry.Commands = append(registry.Commands, registry.CliCommand{
Command: psCommand,
})
listFlagSet(psCommand)
validate.AddLatestFlag(psCommand, &listOpts.Latest)
registry.Commands = append(registry.Commands, registry.CliCommand{
Command: psContainerCommand,
Parent: containerCmd,
})
listFlagSet(psContainerCommand)
validate.AddLatestFlag(psContainerCommand, &listOpts.Latest)
}
func listFlagSet(cmd *cobra.Command) {
flags := cmd.Flags()
flags.BoolVarP(&listOpts.All, "all", "a", false, "Show all the containers, default is only running containers")
flags.BoolVar(&listOpts.External, "external", false, "Show containers in storage not controlled by Podman")
filterFlagName := "filter"
flags.StringArrayVarP(&filters, filterFlagName, "f", []string{}, "Filter output based on conditions given")
_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc(filterFlagName, common.AutocompletePsFilters)
formatFlagName := "format"
flags.StringVar(&listOpts.Format, formatFlagName, "", "Pretty-print containers to JSON or using a Go template")
_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc(formatFlagName, common.AutocompleteFormat(&psReporter{}))
lastFlagName := "last"
flags.IntVarP(&listOpts.Last, lastFlagName, "n", -1, "Print the n last created containers (all states)")
_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc(lastFlagName, completion.AutocompleteNone)
flags.BoolVar(&listOpts.Namespace, "ns", false, "Display namespace information")
flags.BoolVar(&noTrunc, "no-trunc", false, "Display the extended information")
flags.BoolVarP(&listOpts.Pod, "pod", "p", false, "Print the ID and name of the pod the containers are associated with")
flags.BoolVarP(&listOpts.Quiet, "quiet", "q", false, "Print the numeric IDs of the containers only")
flags.Bool("noheading", false, "Do not print headers")
flags.BoolVarP(&listOpts.Size, "size", "s", false, "Display the total file sizes")
flags.BoolVar(&listOpts.Sync, "sync", false, "Sync container state with OCI runtime")
watchFlagName := "watch"
flags.UintVarP(&listOpts.Watch, watchFlagName, "w", 0, "Watch the ps output on an interval in seconds")
_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc(watchFlagName, completion.AutocompleteNone)
sort := validate.Value(&listOpts.Sort, "command", "created", "id", "image", "names", "runningfor", "size", "status")
sortFlagName := "sort"
flags.Var(sort, sortFlagName, "Sort output by: "+sort.Choices())
_ = cmd.RegisterFlagCompletionFunc(sortFlagName, common.AutocompletePsSort)
flags.SetNormalizeFunc(utils.AliasFlags)
}
func checkFlags(c *cobra.Command) error {
// latest, and last are mutually exclusive.
if listOpts.Last >= 0 && listOpts.Latest {
return errors.New("last and latest are mutually exclusive")
}
// Quiet conflicts with size and namespace and is overridden by a Go
// template.
if listOpts.Quiet {
if listOpts.Size || listOpts.Namespace {
return errors.New("quiet conflicts with size and namespace")
}
}
// Size and namespace conflict with each other
if listOpts.Size && listOpts.Namespace {
return errors.New("size and namespace options conflict")
}
if listOpts.Watch > 0 && listOpts.Latest {
return errors.New("the watch and latest flags cannot be used together")
}
podmanConfig := registry.PodmanConfig()
if podmanConfig.ContainersConf.Engine.Namespace != "" {
if c.Flag("storage").Changed && listOpts.External {
return errors.New("--namespace and --external flags can not both be set")
}
listOpts.External = false
}
return nil
}
func jsonOut(responses []entities.ListContainer) error {
type jsonFormat struct {
entities.ListContainer
Created int64
}
r := make([]jsonFormat, 0)
for _, con := range responses {
con.CreatedAt = units.HumanDuration(time.Since(con.Created)) + " ago"
con.Status = psReporter{con}.Status()
jf := jsonFormat{
ListContainer: con,
Created: con.Created.Unix(),
}
r = append(r, jf)
}
b, err := json.MarshalIndent(r, "", " ")
if err != nil {
return err
}
fmt.Println(string(b))
return nil
}
func quietOut(responses []entities.ListContainer) {
for _, r := range responses {
id := r.ID
if !noTrunc {
id = id[0:12]
}
fmt.Println(id)
}
}
func getResponses() ([]entities.ListContainer, error) {
responses, err := registry.ContainerEngine().ContainerList(registry.Context(), listOpts)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if len(listOpts.Sort) > 0 {
responses, err = entities.SortPsOutput(listOpts.Sort, responses)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
}
return responses, nil
}
func ps(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
if err := checkFlags(cmd); err != nil {
return err
}
if !listOpts.Pod {
listOpts.Pod = strings.Contains(listOpts.Format, ".PodName")
}
for _, f := range filters {
fname, filter, hasFilter := strings.Cut(f, "=")
if !hasFilter {
return fmt.Errorf("invalid filter %q", f)
}
listOpts.Filters[fname] = append(listOpts.Filters[fname], filter)
}
listContainers, err := getResponses()
if err != nil {
return err
}
if len(listOpts.Sort) > 0 {
listContainers, err = entities.SortPsOutput(listOpts.Sort, listContainers)
if err != nil {
return err
}
}
switch {
case report.IsJSON(listOpts.Format):
return jsonOut(listContainers)
case listOpts.Quiet && !cmd.Flags().Changed("format"):
quietOut(listContainers)
return nil
}
responses := make([]psReporter, 0, len(listContainers))
for _, r := range listContainers {
responses = append(responses, psReporter{r})
}
hdrs, format := createPsOut()
var origin report.Origin
noHeading, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("noheading")
if cmd.Flags().Changed("format") {
noHeading = noHeading || !report.HasTable(listOpts.Format)
format = listOpts.Format
origin = report.OriginUser
} else {
origin = report.OriginPodman
}
ns := strings.NewReplacer(".Namespaces.", ".")
format = ns.Replace(format)
rpt, err := report.New(os.Stdout, cmd.Name()).Parse(origin, format)
if err != nil {
return err
}
defer rpt.Flush()
headers := func() error { return nil }
if !noHeading {
headers = func() error {
return rpt.Execute(hdrs)
}
}
switch {
// Output table Watch > 0 will refresh screen
case listOpts.Watch > 0:
// responses will grow to the largest number of processes reported on, but will not thrash the gc
var responses []psReporter
for ; ; responses = responses[:0] {
ctnrs, err := getResponses()
if err != nil {
return err
}
for _, r := range ctnrs {
responses = append(responses, psReporter{r})
}
common.ClearScreen()
if err := headers(); err != nil {
return err
}
if err := rpt.Execute(responses); err != nil {
return err
}
if err := rpt.Flush(); err != nil {
// we usually do not care about Flush() failures but here do not loop if Flush() has failed
return err
}
time.Sleep(time.Duration(listOpts.Watch) * time.Second)
}
default:
if err := headers(); err != nil {
return err
}
if err := rpt.Execute(responses); err != nil {
return err
}
}
return nil
}
// cannot use report.Headers() as it doesn't support structures as fields
func createPsOut() ([]map[string]string, string) {
hdrs := report.Headers(psReporter{}, map[string]string{
"Cgroup": "cgroupns",
"CreatedHuman": "created",
"ID": "container id",
"IPC": "ipc",
"MNT": "mnt",
"NET": "net",
"Networks": "networks",
"PIDNS": "pidns",
"Pod": "pod id",
"PodName": "podname", // undo camelcase space break
"Restarts": "restarts",
"RunningFor": "running for",
"UTS": "uts",
"User": "userns",
})
var row string
if listOpts.Namespace {
row = "{{.ID}}\t{{.Names}}\t{{.Pid}}\t{{.Namespaces.Cgroup}}\t{{.Namespaces.IPC}}\t{{.Namespaces.MNT}}\t{{.Namespaces.NET}}\t{{.Namespaces.PIDNS}}\t{{.Namespaces.User}}\t{{.Namespaces.UTS}}"
} else {
row = "{{.ID}}\t{{.Image}}\t{{.Command}}\t{{.CreatedHuman}}\t{{.Status}}\t{{.Ports}}\t{{.Names}}"
if listOpts.Pod {
row += "\t{{.Pod}}\t{{.PodName}}"
}
if listOpts.Size {
row += "\t{{.Size}}"
}
}
return hdrs, "{{range .}}" + row + "\n{{end -}}"
}
type psReporter struct {
entities.ListContainer
}
// ImageID returns the ID of the container
func (l psReporter) ImageID() string {
if !noTrunc {
return l.ListContainer.ImageID[0:12]
}
return l.ListContainer.ImageID
}
// Label returns a map of the pod's labels
func (l psReporter) Label(name string) string {
return l.ListContainer.Labels[name]
}
// ID returns the ID of the container
func (l psReporter) ID() string {
if !noTrunc {
return l.ListContainer.ID[0:12]
}
return l.ListContainer.ID
}
// Pod returns the ID of the pod the container
// belongs to and appropriately truncates the ID
func (l psReporter) Pod() string {
if !noTrunc && len(l.ListContainer.Pod) > 0 {
return l.ListContainer.Pod[0:12]
}
return l.ListContainer.Pod
}
// Status returns the container status in the default ps output format.
func (l psReporter) Status() string {
var state string
switch l.ListContainer.State {
case "running":
t := units.HumanDuration(time.Since(time.Unix(l.StartedAt, 0)))
state = "Up " + t
case "exited", "stopped":
t := units.HumanDuration(time.Since(time.Unix(l.ExitedAt, 0)))
state = fmt.Sprintf("Exited (%d) %s ago", l.ExitCode, t)
default:
// Need to capitalize the first letter to match Docker.
// strings.Title is deprecated since go 1.18
// However for our use case it is still fine. The recommended replacement
// is adding about 400kb binary size so let's keep using this for now.
//nolint:staticcheck
state = strings.Title(l.ListContainer.State)
}
hc := l.ListContainer.Status
if hc != "" {
state += " (" + hc + ")"
}
return state
}
func (l psReporter) Restarts() string {
return strconv.Itoa(int(l.ListContainer.Restarts))
}
func (l psReporter) RunningFor() string {
return l.CreatedHuman()
}
// Command returns the container command in string format
func (l psReporter) Command() string {
command := strings.Join(l.ListContainer.Command, " ")
if !noTrunc {
if len(command) > 17 {
return command[0:17] + "..."
}
}
return command
}
// Size returns the rootfs and virtual sizes in human duration in
// and output form (string) suitable for ps
func (l psReporter) Size() string {
if l.ListContainer.Size == nil {
logrus.Errorf("Size format requires --size option")
return ""
}
virt := units.HumanSizeWithPrecision(float64(l.ListContainer.Size.RootFsSize), 3)
s := units.HumanSizeWithPrecision(float64(l.ListContainer.Size.RwSize), 3)
return fmt.Sprintf("%s (virtual %s)", s, virt)
}
// Names returns the container name in string format
func (l psReporter) Names() string {
return l.ListContainer.Names[0]
}
// Networks returns the container network names in string format
func (l psReporter) Networks() string {
return strings.Join(l.ListContainer.Networks, ",")
}
// Ports converts from Portmappings to the string form
// required by ps
func (l psReporter) Ports() string {
return portsToString(l.ListContainer.Ports, l.ListContainer.ExposedPorts)
}
// CreatedAt returns the container creation time in string format. podman
// and docker both return a timestamped value for createdat
func (l psReporter) CreatedAt() string {
return l.Created.String()
}
// CreatedHuman allows us to output the created time in human readable format
func (l psReporter) CreatedHuman() string {
return units.HumanDuration(time.Since(l.Created)) + " ago"
}
// Cgroup exposes .Namespaces.Cgroup
func (l psReporter) Cgroup() string {
return l.Namespaces.Cgroup
}
// IPC exposes .Namespaces.IPC
func (l psReporter) IPC() string {
return l.Namespaces.IPC
}
// MNT exposes .Namespaces.MNT
func (l psReporter) MNT() string {
return l.Namespaces.MNT
}
// NET exposes .Namespaces.NET
func (l psReporter) NET() string {
return l.Namespaces.NET
}
// PIDNS exposes .Namespaces.PIDNS
func (l psReporter) PIDNS() string {
return l.Namespaces.PIDNS
}
// User exposes .Namespaces.User
func (l psReporter) User() string {
return l.Namespaces.User
}
// UTS exposes .Namespaces.UTS
func (l psReporter) UTS() string {
return l.Namespaces.UTS
}
// portsToString converts the ports used to a string of the from "port1, port2"
// and also groups a continuous list of ports into a readable format.
// The format is IP:HostPort(-Range)->ContainerPort(-Range)/Proto
func portsToString(ports []types.PortMapping, exposedPorts map[uint16][]string) string {
if len(ports) == 0 && len(exposedPorts) == 0 {
return ""
}
portMap := make(map[string]struct{})
sb := &strings.Builder{}
for _, port := range ports {
hostIP := port.HostIP
if hostIP == "" {
hostIP = "0.0.0.0"
}
if port.Range > 1 {
fmt.Fprintf(sb, "%s:%d-%d->%d-%d/%s, ",
hostIP, port.HostPort, port.HostPort+port.Range-1,
port.ContainerPort, port.ContainerPort+port.Range-1, port.Protocol)
for i := range port.Range {
portMap[fmt.Sprintf("%d/%s", port.ContainerPort+i, port.Protocol)] = struct{}{}
}
} else {
fmt.Fprintf(sb, "%s:%d->%d/%s, ",
hostIP, port.HostPort,
port.ContainerPort, port.Protocol)
portMap[fmt.Sprintf("%d/%s", port.ContainerPort, port.Protocol)] = struct{}{}
}
}
// iterating a map is not deterministic so let's convert slice first and sort by protocol and port to make it deterministic
sortedPorts := make([]exposedPort, 0, len(exposedPorts))
for port, protocols := range exposedPorts {
for _, proto := range protocols {
sortedPorts = append(sortedPorts, exposedPort{num: port, protocol: proto})
}
}
slices.SortFunc(sortedPorts, func(a, b exposedPort) int {
protoCmp := cmp.Compare(a.protocol, b.protocol)
if protoCmp != 0 {
return protoCmp
}
return cmp.Compare(a.num, b.num)
})
var prevPort *exposedPort
for _, port := range sortedPorts {
// only if it was not published already so we do not have duplicates
if _, ok := portMap[fmt.Sprintf("%d/%s", port.num, port.protocol)]; ok {
continue
}
if prevPort != nil {
// if the prevPort is one below us we know it is a range, do not print it and just increase the range by one
if prevPort.protocol == port.protocol && prevPort.num == port.num-prevPort.portRange-1 {
prevPort.portRange++
continue
}
// the new port is not a range with the previous one so print it
printExposedPort(prevPort, sb)
}
prevPort = &port
}
// do not forget to print the last port
if prevPort != nil {
printExposedPort(prevPort, sb)
}
display := sb.String()
// make sure to trim the last ", " of the string
return display[:len(display)-2]
}
type exposedPort struct {
num uint16
protocol string
// portRange is 0 indexed
portRange uint16
}
func printExposedPort(port *exposedPort, sb *strings.Builder) {
// exposed ports do not have a host part and are just written as "NUM[-RANGE]/PROTO"
if port.portRange > 0 {
fmt.Fprintf(sb, "%d-%d/%s, ", port.num, port.num+port.portRange, port.protocol)
} else {
fmt.Fprintf(sb, "%d/%s, ", port.num, port.protocol)
}
}